This iconic cathedral, known locally as Basilica di San Marco, is not just a place of worship but a testament to Venice’s glorious past and artistic prowess. Here’s a closer look at why Saint Mark’s Basilica should be on your must-visit list when exploring Venice.
Saint Mark’s Basilica has a rich and storied history that dates back to the 9th century. Originally built to house the relics of Saint Mark the Evangelist which were supposedly smuggled out of Alexandria, Egypt. The basilica has been a symbol of Venetian power and prestige ever since. Over the centuries, it has undergone numerous renovations and expansions, evolving into the awe-inspiring structure we see today.
As you approach Saint Mark’s Basilica, the first thing that strikes you is its grand facade. A dazzling blend of Byzantine, Gothic, and Renaissance architectural styles. The exterior is adorned with intricate carvings, gilded statues, and colorful mosaics that tell biblical stories and depict scenes from Venetian history. The five domes that crown the basilica add to its majestic appearance, making it a true architectural masterpiece.
A shimmering sea of gold greets you as you step inside the basilica. The interior is covered in over 8,000 square meters of mosaics, many dating back to the 11th century. These mosaics are made from tiny pieces of colored glass and gold leaf. They depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments, the lives of the saints, and the history of Venice. The way the light plays on these mosaics creates a mesmerizing effect, making you feel like you’ve entered a heavenly realm. Don’t be surprised if you find some standing water inside the church. As I am sure you know, Venice has a bit of a sinking problem.
One of the basilica’s most prized treasures is the Pala d’Oro, a stunning altarpiece that’s a true masterpiece of Byzantine art. Crafted from gold and adorned with precious gems, the Pala d’Oro is a dazzling display of craftsmanship and devotion. It’s kept behind the high altar and is usually only revealed during special services. However, even glimpsing it from a distance is a highlight of any visit.
The basilica’s treasury in the north transept houses a remarkable collection of religious artifacts, relics, and precious objects amassed over centuries. From golden chalices and intricately carved ivory pieces to ancient manuscripts and reliquaries, the treasury offers a fascinating glimpse into the wealth and artistry of medieval Venice.
Take the stairs up to the terrace for a unique perspective of both the basilica and Venice. You will only have to scale around 42 steep steps, but there can be long lines during peak season, so plan accordingly. You can enjoy panoramic views of St. Mark’s Square and the surrounding lagoon from the terrace, making for an unforgettable photo opportunity.
While you are visiting the terrace, you’ll find famous bronze horses. These are replicas of the originals that once adorned the basilica’s facade. The originals are now housed in the museum upstairs to protect them from the elements. These horses outdate Venice in age and are thought to be from Constantinople. The originals are quite a spectacle with their carved muscles and flared nostrils, set in a Ben-Hur stance, almost like they are pulling a chariot.
These horses are among the few surviving examples of an ancient technology called the lost-wax method. Unlike most bronze sculptures, these were not hammered into shape but actually cast. This was done by pouring hot molten bronze into clay molds. Each horse weighs almost a ton.
Legend has it that they were made in Greece during the reign of Alexander the Great. When Nero came to power, he moved them to Rome. Later, Constantine brought them to his new capital in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) to place at the chariot racecourse. It wasn’t until around 1204, during the Fourth Crusade, that the Venetians stole them and placed them on top of St. Mark’s Basilica. The doge would make speeches from this perch with the horses in the background, serving as a grand symbol of power. Quite the Zoom background.
When Napoleon conquered Venice, he took the horses and placed them on top of the Arch de Triomphe. After Napoleon’s downfall, the horses were returned to Venice, where they have remained ever since.
It’s amazing that these sculptures have survived for so long. During the Dark Ages, most metal masterpieces were melted down for reuse, but these horses have remained intact. If you look closely, you can still see some of the gold leaf that once covered the horses. Take a look into their eyes, you will notice that they have ruby pupils.
Saint Mark’s Basilica is more than just a church. It it’s a living museum, a testament to Venice’s rich history, and a beacon of artistic and architectural brilliance. Whether you’re an art lover, a history buff, or simply someone who appreciates beauty, visiting this magnificent basilica will surely be a highlight of your time in Venice. So, make sure to carve out some time to explore this gem and let its splendor leave you in awe.
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